If the VAT rate changes during a period, VAT is charged based on each transaction's what?

The correct answer is based on the principle of the "tax point" or "time of supply" for VAT transactions. The tax point refers to the specific moment in time when the obligation to pay VAT arises, which influences the applicable VAT rate.

When the VAT rate changes during a period, it is essential to determine the tax point for each transaction to ascertain which VAT rate should apply. The tax point is usually determined by the date of supply, which is commonly linked to the invoice date, goods delivery, or payment.

In practical terms, if a transaction occurs and the relevant tax point is established before a VAT rate change, then the old rate applies regardless of the invoice date or payment date that occur afterward. Conversely, if the tax point falls after a VAT rate change, the new rate must be applied.

By focusing on the tax point, businesses can correctly apply the VAT rates in accordance with legal regulations, ensuring compliance and accuracy in their VAT accounting practices. This concept is crucial in indirect tax management, especially in dynamic environments where rates may change frequently.